深度解析：使用selenium解决滑块验证的问题

使用自动化测试时有些网站会使用滑块来阻止，所以如何解决滑块问题已经成为自动化测试不可或缺的，今天以网易易盾网站的滑块举例：

https://dun.163.com/trial/sense

要解决滑块问题的关键就是匹配滑块在背景图中的位置所以使用python中的numpy库来实现获取滑块在背景的坐标，获取到滑块在背景图的坐标后使用ActionChains实现滑块的滑动。此外，注意使用循环来保证最后的成功，代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver

import requests

import time

import cv2

import numpy as np

from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

driver = webdriver.Chrome(r"C:\Users\lijunfeng\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\chromedriver.exe")

driver.get('https://dun.163.com/trial/sense')

# 点击进入滑块界面

driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/main/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/ul/li[2]').click()

time.sleep(1)

# 点击完成验证

driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/main/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div[1]/div[1]/span').click()

time.sleep(3)

while True:

# 获取两张图片

url_s = driver.find_element_by_class_name('yidun_jigsaw').get_attribute('src')

url_b = driver.find_element_by_class_name('yidun_bg-img').get_attribute('src')

headers = {

'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.41 Safari/537.36'

}

res_s = requests.get(url_s,headers=headers)

data_s = res_s.content

res_b = requests.get(url_b,headers=headers)

data_b = res_b.content

# 保存图片

with open('pic_s.png','wb')as f:

f.write(data_s)

with open('pic_b.png','wb')as f:

f.write(data_b)

# 使用opencv读取两张图片

simg = cv2.imread('pic_s.png')

bimg = cv2.imread('pic_b.png')

# 灰度处理，降低偏差

s_img = cv2.cvtColor(simg,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

b_img = cv2.cvtColor(bimg,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# 保存两张灰度处理的图片

cv2.imwrite('hui_simg.png',s_img)

cv2.imwrite('hui_bimg.png',b_img)

# 处理滑块图片，保存有效部分

s_img = s_img[s_img.any(1)]

# opencv的匹配算法，匹配模块寻找两张图片的相似之处

result = cv2.matchTemplate(b_img,s_img,cv2.TM_CCOEFF_NORMED)

print('result',result)

# 获取坐标

# 获取最大索引

index_max = np.argmax(result)

# 获取到坐标

y,x = np.unravel_index(index_max,result.shape)

print("y:",y,"x:",x)

# 定位到滑块

ele = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/main/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]')

# 实例化对象

action = ActionChains(driver)

# 拖动滑块

time.sleep(1)

action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(ele,xoffset=x,yoffset=0).perform()

time.sleep(1)

# 定位到验证成功

time.sleep(1)

text = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/main/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div[1]/div[2]/span[2]').text

if text == "验证成功":

break